The base of the light bulb is an integral part of it, due to which the lamp is connected to the electric socket and power wires. There are several types of socles, all of them are classified into different categories and can work in tandem only with a suitable cartridge.
Types of lamp base
One of the criteria by which LED lamps are classified is a type of installed base. They can be conditionally divided into two large groups - contact and threaded. Within each group there are a large number of subspecies. To study the features of all is impractical. You should familiarize yourself with the design features of the most popular models:
- LED lamp E27 is the most common variety of socles for all types of lamps, not just LED ones. 27 means the diameter of the cap in the threaded portion, measured in millimeters. As a rule, devices with a power of 60, 75, 100 and 150 watts, LED from 5 to 18 watts are used with such a base. The most common type of housing is a hemisphere or a spherical shape.
- LED bulbs E14 - the second most common variety. 14 mm - the diameter of the cap in the threaded part of the structure. Installed in less powerful lamps, the value ranges from 15 to 60 watts. They are characterized by smaller dimensions, and they are often used in small decorative lamps. May take the form of a candle, ball or dome.
G53, GX53 - these types of socles are not common. Typically used in cardan or ceiling mounts. The shape is round, the surface of the dome is equipped with flickering LEDs. Only suitable for flat luminaires. These base types are equipped with pin contacts.-
B22B22 is a pin type of socle, its diameter is 22 mm. The housing is equipped with pins for connecting to the cartridge. Widely distributed in conditions of increased vibration, for example, in industrial enterprises or vehicles.
- GU10 is a type of cap equipped with a pin mount for the cartridge. In this case, the numbers do not speak about the diameter of the cap, but about the interval between the centers of the pins. In the specific case, the base is equipped with two pins, the distance between them is 10 mm. A characteristic design feature is the noticeable thickening at the end of the contacts for the implementation of a rotary connection with the cartridge.
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Base G9GU5.3 - a base equipped with a pin mount directly to the lamp. The number 5.3 is the interval between the centers of contacts, measured in millimeters. Lamps are small, most often used for decorative lighting, as well as window dressing in stores, art galleries, etc. The angle of illumination of such lighting devices ranges from 30-180 degrees.
Base types G4, GU4, G9 are equipped with pin mount. They are equipped with microlamps. The interval between the pins ranges from 4-9 mm. These lighting devices are used to organize spot lighting.
Features GU10, GU5 / 3, G13 and G23
Giving preference to this or that cartridge, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the features of the socles that will be connected to them.
GU10
The holder in these designs is installed non-standard. The ends of the contacts have extensions that securely hold the lamp itself in the cartridge.
LED lamps equipped with GU10 type of cap have several advantages:
- More intense luminescence, even longer service life, minimal energy consumption.One of the most significant advantages is that the lighting device is practically not heated, which allows it to be installed in suspended and suspended false ceilings.
- Electrical appliances are powered from a network of 110-220 V. As a rule, these types of lamps are additionally equipped with a reflector, which gives the light a given direction.
Manufacturers of low-voltage bulbs are few in number, since they have a narrow scope - the organization of a local lighting system.
GU5 / 3
The base is made of ceramics, it contains wires enclosed in a protective sheath. They use electrical equipment at a voltage of 12 or 24 V. Special terminal blocks connect them to the electric main.
Use such electrical parts to replace low-voltage halogen lamps. Contacts are placed at a distance of 5.33 mm from each other.
G13 and G23
They are mounted only in LED lighting elements such as T8, LSP and Armstrong. The contact spacing is 1.3 cm.
G23 devices are installed in a U-shaped lamp. The design is additionally equipped with a starter. The launch is due to the throttle, which is located in the housing of the lighting device. Power ranges from 5 to 14 watts, most often screwed into table lamps.
Use of threaded and pin bases
LED lamps are available with pin and threaded sockets. The table shows the markings.
| Threaded | Pin |
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Rare holders
Some types of construction are extremely rare. These include recessed contact devices.
Features of rare types of cap
Characteristics of rare designs:
- With recessed contact, marked with “R”. Used for small lamps.
- Telephone type marked "T". Used in lamps, which are used as lights on the panels of household appliances and cars.
- Spotlights with marking "S". There are several types of structure - they can be located on one side of a tubular lighting device, or two. They are used, as a rule, to illuminate mirrors in bathrooms and car interiors.
- Fixing models marked “P” are installed most often in floodlights, flashlights and film projectors. Visually and by design features are similar to spotlight devices.
In Europe, KM type bulbs with smaller dimensions are used.
Cable and glass modifications
The range of LED lamps is diverse, there are so-called baseless designs. The devices are equipped with socles, only it is glass, like the lamp itself. Its base is equipped with current outputs, through them there is reliable contact with the cartridge and conductive conductors. The numbers indicated in the marking indicate the thickness of the glass.
Cable caps are extremely rare, their main scope of application is projector lamps.
How to decrypt marking
I decipher the symbols that classify socles into types:
- R is an obsolete model equipped with a recessed contact.
- F - equipped with one pin.
- S - spotlight.
- In - pin or bayonet.
- and - the pin, which is characterized by a cylindrical shape.
- b - has a grooved contact.
- c - indicates the original shape of the pin.
At the end, numbers are always indicated that indicate the diameter of the connecting part or the interval between the contacts.
How to choose the right base
When buying a lamp, you should be aware of such points:
- The LED lamp G9 is designed only for 220 V.
- If the circuitry is additionally equipped with dimmers and electronic switches, it is forbidden to use small lamps of the E27 and E14 type.
In order not to make a mistake in choosing the pin base, it is recommended not to dispose of the burned out lamp, but to go to the store for a new one along with it.
When working with electricity and electrical appliances, it is important to observe personal safety precautions. First of all, the room is de-energized and the voltage is checked at the output with an indicator screwdriver.
